Do Link Farms Violate the RICO Law?

Are Internet “link farms,” which attempt to game Google search results, a violation of the federal RICO Act? That’s what a Michigan law firm claims in its federal lawsuit against an Arizona law marketing company.
Clayton T. Hasbrook
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The Seikaly & Stewart firm of Farmington Hills, Mich., says it paid $49,000 to The Rainmaker Institute for better website SEO (search engine optimization). Instead, TRI plugged the firm’s websites into link farms, which failed to improve its web traffic and ultimately “contaminated” the sites’ searchability, the firm claims in its federal lawsuit.

Like most attorneys, our firm maintains an active website, and I am interested in law firm marketing. So, I was intrigued by Seikaly & Stewart’s petition against The Rainmaker Institute. Among other things, I wondered why the plaintiffs believed a dispute over law marketing qualifies as a RICO violation. The Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act was enacted in 1970 as a weapon against organized crime. What does that have to do with SEO and link farms?

Fortunately, Minneapolis law blogger Sam Glover found and published a copy of the petition on his website. Thanks, Sam. I’ve read the petition, and I’m beginning to think that labeling link farming as a RICO violation may be a good call.

According to the petition, until recent years, The Rainmaker Institute was engaged primarily in teaching and training small law firms about marketing. TRI and its CEO, Stephen Fairley, may be familiar to many attorneys. According to the company’s website, it has been making presentations at conventions and seminars nationwide for 14 years, including events sponsored by many state bar associations.

However, in 2009 or 2010, the petition says, TRI moved beyond teaching lawyers how to promote themselves to offering direct law firm marketing services. Among the services TRI began offering was “link-building.”

As anyone with a website knows, online traffic is the holy grail of the Internet. Every website owner wants “hits,” and “visits,” and “page views.” A primary way websites get visitors is when someone clicks on a website that comes up in search engine results. Website owners crave a top ranking in those search results.

It is well-known that a big factor Google uses in its search results formula is how many “inbound links” a website has. How many other websites have found your content valuable enough that they have linked to it on their websites? This way, Google indirectly lets the general population decide which sites get the best search rankings.

The quest for inbound links has led to “link farms.” In their petition, Seikaly & Stewart claim The Rainmaker Institute did not provide them with legitimate law marketing services but instead used a link farm approach.

A link farm is a network of websites that link to each other. If 100 websites agree to link mutually, each site acquires 100 new inbound links. That will impress Google and generate some good SEO, right? Not so much.

That kind of strategy may have worked years ago. Still, Google has long since fine-tuned its process to detect the difference between a bogus link on a bogus website solely to rachet up SEO results and a genuine inbound link from a legitimate site.

Not only does Google not recognize those links, but it also penalizes (or may penalize) sites that use such methods to game the system. Such websites can land on Google’s blacklist and get buried by the search engines.

Seikaly & Stewart’s petition claims TRI used a link farm strategy, even though the company knew the strategy violated Google’s guidelines, would not work, and might even backfire.

That’s all very interesting. But even if TRI did engage in link farming, is that somehow a violation of RICO? The more I think about it, the more it looks like that could be the case. What is necessary to prove a RICO violation?

• Racketeering: Was a service offered fraudulently? That’s exactly what Seikaly & Stewart claim: that TRI knew its methods were not legitimate or effective SEO. Still, they made “a series of fraudulent representations and misrepresentations” that they were.

• Wire fraud: One of the most common applications of the RICO law is wire fraud. TRI’s use of the Internet to promote and carry out its scheme constitutes wire fraud, according to the petition. Attorney Jeffrey Grell, a RICO expert, discusses RICO and wire fraud well.

• Conspiracy: The RICO Law initially targeted organized crime. A demonstration of conspiracy bolsters the claim of a RICO violation. Seikaly & Stewart claim that TRI had a co-conspirator, defendant “John Doe.” The petition claims TRI subcontracted out the link-building (i.e., the link farms) to others, “including but not limited to John Doe.”

• A RICO violation further requires that multiple offenses have occurred in an enterprise that involves interstate commerce. Seikaly & Stewart claim that “numerous victim firms” nationwide have been lured into TRI’s “interstate” scheme.

I have no idea if The Rainmaker Institute is guilty of any wrongdoing. However, it makes sense to me that promoting Internet marketing schemes such as link farming, which are known to be ineffective and counterproductive, may constitute a RICO violation. If Seikaly & Stewart’s petition prevails, it may profoundly and soberly affect the Internet marketing industry.

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Clayton T. Hasbrook
Clayton T. Hasbrook
About the Author
Clayton T. Hasbrook practices in general litigation, with an emphasis on personal injury law. In 2005, Clayton graduated cum laude from the University of Oklahoma with a Bachelor of Business Administration degree in Economics.
In 2008, Clayton earned his Juris Doctorate degree at the University of Oklahoma College of Law. He is admitted before all State Courts of Oklahoma and the Western District of Oklahoma. Clayton is a member of the Oklahoma Bar Association, Oklahoma County Bar Association, American Association of Justice, Oklahoma Association of Justice, Top 25 Motor Vehicle Trial Lawyers Association, and the National Trial Lawyers "Top 40 under 40."